Finishing: Finishing is the last manufacturing step in the
production of Textile fabrics. As an integral part of wet processing, Finishing
is the operation where the final properties are developed.
Textile finishing is an operation which is carried out for
improving the aesthetic and functional properties of the textile material depending
of its end use. The desired properties may include the fabric’s dimensions and
their stability. Its weight, softness & handle, as well as any required
functional properties such as resistance to creasing, flames. Soil, water, bacteria etc.
Finishing processes are two types: They are as
2. Chemical
finishes
Under
these two categories different kind of temperature and parameter is done.
Physical or Mechanical finishes:
These types of finishing treatments include…
- Calendaring
- Sanforizing
- Raising
- Compacting
- Napping
- Shearing
- Suedding
- Slitting
- Heat setting
Chemical Finishes:
Chemical finishes are two types
- Finishes obtained by deposition of chemicals as starch chine clay, oil, fats and waxes , synthetic resins, rubber latex , cellulose acetate , cellulose ether, optical bleaching agents and so on.
- Finishes obtained by chemical reactions with fiber. These includes-
- Parchmentizing
- Anti-soil
- Anti- crease
- Wrinkle free
- Wash & wear
- Durable press
- Flame retardant
- Fluorochemical
- Deodorant & antimicrobial
- Ultraviolet protection
- Enzymes washing
- Water proof
- Water repellent.
Textile Finishing can be classified on the basis of permanency:
Permanent Finish: It causes a chemical change in the
fiber structure that will not change or alter throughout the life of the
fabric.
Durable Finish: They usually exist for the life
time of the article but will lose their effectiveness slightly after each
cleaning.
Semi-durable Finish: This type of finish lasts for
several cleanings or washing.
Temporary finish: They are
removed at the first time when laundered.
Objects of Finishing:
- To improve the appearance of the fabric.
- To improve the feel of the fabric like softness, flexibility etc.
- To cover faults in the original fabric.
- To improve wearing qualities of fabric like anti-crease, anti-shrink etc.
- To improve special properties to the fabric for special end uses such as waterproofing etc.
- To increase the weight of the cloth.
- To strengthen the fabric by coating or laminating.
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